@@ -577,9 +577,32 @@ kubectl -n <sandbox-namespace> logs <sandbox-pod> -c openshell-supervisor-networ
 Use the VM driver logs and host diagnostics available in the user's environment. Verify:
 
 - The VM driver process is running and reachable by the gateway.
-- The runtime rootfs exists and matches the expected architecture.
-- Host virtualization support is enabled.
-- The sandbox supervisor can establish its callback connection to the gateway.
+- The custom kernel and runtime rootfs exist and match the expected architecture.
+- Host virtualization support is enabled and the active process can read and write `/dev/kvm`.
+- The native host supervisor can establish its callback connection to the gateway.
+- The guest process leaf accepts the authenticated virtio-vsock control channel.
+
+For the managed libkrun driver, inspect the per-sandbox host-supervisor and
+guest-console logs separately:
+
+```bash
+rg -n 'vm|grpc_endpoint|guest_tls|state_dir' .cache/gateway-vm/gateway.toml
+stat /dev/kvm
+id
+find /tmp/openshell-vm-driver-*/sandboxes -name 'supervisor*.log' -o -name 'rootfs-console.log'
+tail -n 200 /tmp/openshell-vm-driver-*/sandboxes/*/supervisor.err.log
+tail -n 200 /tmp/openshell-vm-driver-*/sandboxes/*/rootfs-console.log
+```
+
+The historical `guest_tls_*` configuration fields are host-supervisor mTLS
+paths and must never appear in the guest image. `grpc_endpoint` is also
+host-reachable; loopback is valid. A successful guest boot logs
+`VM process supervisor leaf listening on vsock port ...`. libkrun needs KVM but
+does not need `CAP_NET_ADMIN`. QEMU/VFIO uses TAP and host nftables and still
+requires the corresponding networking and device privileges. If the account is
+listed in the group that owns `/dev/kvm` but `id` does not show that group, use
+`mise run gateway:vm` or the VM e2e runner; they re-exec through the configured
+group without sudo.
 
 Then run:
 
 
@@ -116,6 +116,8 @@ jobs:
         username: ${{ github.actor }}
         password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       options: --privileged
+      volumes:
+        - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
     env:
       MISE_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       OPENSHELL_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs['image-tag'] }}
@@ -141,8 +143,12 @@ jobs:
           cache-directories: .cache/sccache
           cache-targets: "true"
 
-      - name: Install zstd
-        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends zstd && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+      - name: Install zstd and verify Docker
+        run: |
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends zstd
+          rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+          docker info
 
       - name: Download kernel runtime tarball
         uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8.0.1
@@ -168,15 +174,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Verify embedded driver inputs
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
-          for file in libkrun.so.zst libkrunfw.so.5.zst gvproxy.zst umoci.zst openshell-sandbox.zst; do
+          for file in libkrun.so.zst libkrunfw.so.5.zst gvproxy.zst umoci.zst openshell-sandbox.zst openshell-runtime.tar.zst; do
             test -s "target/vm-runtime-compressed/${file}"
           done
 
-      - name: Scope workspace to driver-vm crates
-        run: |
-          set -euo pipefail
-          sed -i 's|members = \["crates/\*"\]|members = ["crates/openshell-driver-vm", "crates/openshell-core"]|' Cargo.toml
-
       - name: Patch workspace version
         if: ${{ inputs['cargo-version'] != '' }}
         run: |
 
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ jobs:
       credentials:
         username: ${{ github.actor }}
         password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      volumes:
+        - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
     env:
       MISE_GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       OPENSHELL_IMAGE_TAG: ${{ inputs['image-tag'] }}
@@ -100,8 +102,12 @@ jobs:
           cache-directories: .cache/sccache
           cache-targets: "true"
 
-      - name: Install zstd
-        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends zstd && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+      - name: Install zstd and verify Docker
+        run: |
+          apt-get update
+          apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends zstd
+          rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+          docker info
 
       - name: Build bundled supervisor
         run: |
@@ -116,7 +122,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@043fb46d1a93c77aae656e7c1c64a875d1fc6a0a # v7
         with:
           name: driver-vm-supervisor-arm64
-          path: target/vm-runtime-compressed/openshell-sandbox.zst
+          path: |
+            target/vm-runtime-compressed/openshell-sandbox.zst
+            target/vm-runtime-compressed/openshell-runtime.tar.zst
           retention-days: 1
 
   build-driver-vm-macos:
@@ -180,12 +188,13 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           test -f target/vm-runtime-compressed-macos/openshell-sandbox.zst
-          ls -lh target/vm-runtime-compressed-macos/openshell-sandbox.zst
+          test -f target/vm-runtime-compressed-macos/openshell-runtime.tar.zst
+          ls -lh target/vm-runtime-compressed-macos/openshell-{sandbox,runtime.tar}.zst
 
       - name: Verify embedded driver inputs
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
-          for file in libkrun.dylib.zst libkrunfw.5.dylib.zst gvproxy.zst umoci.zst openshell-sandbox.zst; do
+          for file in libkrun.dylib.zst libkrunfw.5.dylib.zst gvproxy.zst umoci.zst openshell-sandbox.zst openshell-runtime.tar.zst; do
             test -s "target/vm-runtime-compressed-macos/${file}"
           done
 
@@ -203,14 +212,16 @@ jobs:
             .
 
       - name: Verify packaged binary shape
-        run: test -x out/openshell-driver-vm
+        run: |
+          test -x out/openshell-driver-vm
+          test -x out/openshell-sandbox
 
       - name: Package binary
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           mkdir -p artifacts
           tar -czf artifacts/openshell-driver-vm-aarch64-apple-darwin.tar.gz \
-            -C out openshell-driver-vm
+            -C out openshell-driver-vm openshell-sandbox
           ls -lh artifacts/
 
       - name: Upload artifact
 
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ These pipelines connect skills into end-to-end workflows. Individual skill files
 | `crates/openshell-server/` | Gateway server | Control-plane API, sandbox lifecycle, auth boundary |
 | `crates/openshell-sandbox/` | Sandbox runtime | Container supervision, policy-enforced egress routing |
 | `crates/openshell-isolation/` | Isolation backend contract | RFC 0012 `IsolationBackend` trait + types; the supervisor-facing runtime contract for the boundary |
+| `crates/openshell-isolation-vm/` | VM isolation transport | Shared authenticated host/guest boundary transport and portable process leaf for VM drivers |
 | `crates/openshell-policy/` | Policy engine | Filesystem, network, process, and inference constraints |
 | `crates/openshell-router/` | Privacy router | Privacy-aware LLM routing |
 | `crates/openshell-bootstrap/` | Gateway metadata | Gateway registration metadata, auth token storage, mTLS bundle storage |
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ These pipelines connect skills into end-to-end workflows. Individual skill files
 | `crates/openshell-driver-kubernetes/` | Kubernetes compute driver | In-process `ComputeDriver` backend for K8s sandbox pods |
 | `crates/openshell-driver-docker/` | Docker compute driver | In-process `ComputeDriver` backend for local Docker sandbox containers |
 | `crates/openshell-driver-podman/` | Podman compute driver | In-process `ComputeDriver` backend for local Podman sandbox containers |
-| `crates/openshell-driver-vm/` | VM compute driver | Standalone libkrun-backed `ComputeDriver` subprocess (embeds its own rootfs + runtime) |
+| `crates/openshell-driver-vm/` | VM compute driver | Standalone libkrun-backed `ComputeDriver` with a native host supervisor and embedded guest runtime |
 | `crates/openshell-prover/` | Policy prover | Policy verification and proof generation |
 | `crates/openshell-server-macros/` | Server macros | Compile-time helpers for gateway RPC authorization |
 | `crates/openshell-supervisor-middleware/` | Middleware runtime | Generic middleware registry, remote service integration, and chain execution |
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ OpenShell builds these main artifacts:
 | Gateway container image | `deploy/docker/Dockerfile.gateway` |
 | Supervisor container image | `deploy/docker/Dockerfile.supervisor` |
 | Helm chart | `deploy/helm/openshell` |
-| VM driver/runtime assets | `crates/openshell-driver-vm` |
+| VM driver/runtime assets | `crates/openshell-driver-vm` plus shared transport in `crates/openshell-isolation-vm` |
 | Published docs site | `docs/` rendered by Fern config in `fern/` |
 
 Sandbox community images are built outside this repository.
@@ -173,6 +173,16 @@ Runtime layout:
   enforcement. The VM driver bundles its own supervisor build
   (`tasks/scripts/vm/build-supervisor-bundle.sh`) and does not read
   `SUPERVISOR_LIBC`.
+  before publishing artifacts. On Linux, the driver can materialize the
+  same-target embedded `openshell-sandbox` as its native host supervisor. The
+  macOS VM-driver archive includes a native `openshell-sandbox` sibling because
+  the embedded guest leaf is a Linux binary.
+- **Supervisor**: Alpine base with `nftables`, static musl binary at
+  `/openshell-sandbox`. Static linkage keeps the binary usable when the image
+  is mounted or extracted into sandbox environments. The VM bundle build also
+  packages the Linux process leaf and a driver-controlled network-helper
+  runtime into the guest bootstrap while the logical VM supervisor runs
+  natively on the host.
 
 Gateway image builds bake the corresponding supervisor image tag into the
 gateway binary so Docker sandboxes do not depend on `:latest` by default.
 
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ Compute runtimes create, stop, start, delete, and watch sandbox workloads for th
 gateway. They do not replace sandbox policy enforcement. Every runtime starts a
 workload that runs the `openshell-sandbox` supervisor, and the supervisor
 enforces the sandbox contract locally.
+Compute runtimes create, stop, delete, and watch sandbox workloads for the
+gateway. They do not replace sandbox policy enforcement. Container runtimes run
+the logical `openshell-sandbox` supervisor in the workload boundary. VM runtimes
+may instead run it on the host and use an authenticated process leaf inside the
+guest. In both placements the logical supervisor owns policy and the gateway
+session.
 
 ## Driver Contract
 
@@ -16,6 +22,9 @@ Each runtime receives a sandbox spec from the gateway and is responsible for:
 - Forwarding the exact canonical main-process argv and TTY mode without shell
   reconstruction. The sandbox-level environment and policy workspace apply to
   the main process.
+- Injecting sandbox identity and the admitted topology descriptor.
+- Supplying TLS or secret material only to the logical supervisor placement.
+- Providing the logical supervisor and any boundary-local process leaf.
 - Reporting lifecycle and platform events back to the gateway.
 - Cleaning up runtime-owned resources.
 
@@ -207,6 +216,8 @@ delete, reconciliation removes the row; otherwise it can remain `Deleting`.
 | Kubernetes | Cluster deployment through Helm. | Pod plus nested sandbox namespace. | Uses Kubernetes API objects, service accounts, secrets, PVC-backed workspace storage, and GPU resources. |
 | VM | Experimental microVM isolation. | Per-sandbox libkrun VM. | Managed endpoint-backed driver. The gateway spawns `openshell-driver-vm`, waits for its Unix socket, and then consumes it through the same remote `compute_driver.proto` path used by unmanaged endpoint drivers. The VM driver boots a cached bootstrap `rootfs.ext4`, prepares requested OCI images inside a bootstrap VM with `umoci`, attaches the prepared image disk read-only, and gives each sandbox a writable `overlay.ext4` for merged-root changes and runtime material. The driver persists each accepted launch request beside the overlay and restarts those VMs on driver startup without recreating the overlay. |
 | Extension | Out-of-tree drivers operated alongside the gateway. | Whatever boundary the driver implements. | Selected by a custom `compute_drivers = ["<name>"]` entry with `[openshell.drivers.<name>].socket_path`, or at launch time by pairing `--drivers <name>` with `--compute-driver-socket=<path>`. A launch-time endpoint may use a canonical built-in name to preserve its driver-config key while replacing in-process construction. The gateway connects to an operator-provisioned UDS, snapshots `GetCapabilities`, and dispatches all sandbox lifecycle calls through `compute_driver.proto`. The driver process and socket lifecycle are operator-owned; the gateway does not spawn, supervise, or remove unmanaged extension drivers. The trust boundary is the socket's filesystem permissions: the operator must ensure only the gateway uid can read/write it. |
+| VM | Experimental host-supervised microVM isolation. | Per-sandbox libkrun VM with a portable guest process leaf. | Managed endpoint-backed driver. The gateway spawns `openshell-driver-vm`; the driver starts a native logical supervisor and connects it to the guest over authenticated virtio-vsock. The guest has no gateway credentials. The existing custom kernel, cached bootstrap `rootfs.ext4`, in-VM `umoci` preparation, read-only image disk, writable `overlay.ext4`, and restart persistence remain unchanged. |
+| Extension | Out-of-tree drivers operated alongside the gateway. | Whatever boundary the driver implements. | Selected by a non-reserved custom `compute_drivers = ["<name>"]` entry with `[openshell.drivers.<name>].socket_path`, or at launch time by pairing `--drivers <name>` with `--compute-driver-socket=<path>`. Reserved built-in names such as `vm`, `docker`, `podman`, and `kubernetes` cannot be used as unmanaged socket endpoints. The gateway connects to a UDS the operator already provisioned, runs `GetCapabilities`, logs the advertised `driver_name`, and dispatches all sandbox lifecycle calls through `compute_driver.proto`. The driver process and socket lifecycle are operator-owned; the gateway does not spawn, supervise, or remove unmanaged extension drivers. The trust boundary is the socket's filesystem permissions: the operator must ensure only the gateway uid can read/write it. |
 
 Per-sandbox CPU and memory values currently enter the driver layer through
 template resource limits. Docker and Podman apply them as runtime limits.
@@ -255,25 +266,29 @@ Runtime-specific implementation notes belong in the driver crate README:
 - `crates/openshell-driver-kubernetes/README.md`
 - `crates/openshell-driver-vm/README.md`
 
-The combined VM topology runs `openshell-sandbox` as guest PID 1. libkrun
-executes the driver-owned guest bootstrap as PID 1, and the bootstrap preserves
-that identity when it execs the supervisor after mounting and network setup.
+The VM topology is delegated. libkrun executes the driver-owned guest bootstrap
+as PID 1; after mounting and network setup it execs `openshell-sandbox vm-guest`
+as the portable process leaf. The native host supervisor drives RFC 0012 over a
+driver-private, token-authenticated virtio-vsock transport. Lifecycle,
+exec/PTY, loopback forwarding, and mediated egress all cross this transport;
+gateway JWT and mTLS material remain on the host.
 
 ## Supervisor Delivery
 
-The supervisor must be available inside each sandbox workload:
+The logical supervisor or its boundary-local process leaf must be available at
+the placement selected by the runtime:
 
 | Runtime | Delivery model |
 |---|---|
 | Docker | Bind-mounted local supervisor binary, or a binary extracted from the configured supervisor image. |
 | Podman | Read-only OCI image volume by default; host-cached bind mount when `userns` is configured. |
 | Kubernetes | Supervisor image side-loaded into the sandbox pod by image volume or init container. |
-| VM | Embedded in the guest rootfs bundle. |
+| VM | Native host `openshell-sandbox` beside the driver; portable Linux process leaf embedded in the guest rootfs bundle. |
 | Extension | Defined by the out-of-tree driver. |
 
 Driver-controlled environment variables must override sandbox image or template
-values for sandbox ID, sandbox name, gateway endpoint, relay socket path, TLS
-paths, and command metadata.
+values for sandbox ID, sandbox name, relay path, and command metadata. Gateway
+endpoint and TLS values go only to the logical supervisor placement.
 
 ## Process Identity
 
@@ -285,7 +300,8 @@ driver then supplies one authoritative identity input to the supervisor:
   resolves the workspace from OCI `Config.WorkingDir` during that inspection.
 - Kubernetes passes its platform-resolved numeric UID/GID, including OpenShift
   SCC-derived values.
-- VM keeps its existing guest identity behavior.
+- VM resolves the configured numeric UID/GID on the host and transfers the pair
+  to the guest leaf as authenticated launch state.
 
 Explicit numeric workload identities may use any Linux UID/GID from `1`
 through `u32::MAX - 1`. UID/GID `0` remains prohibited as root, and