index.js

'use strict'
const { setTimeout: wait } = require('node:timers/promises')
const From = require('@fastify/reply-from')
const { ServerResponse } = require('node:http')
const WebSocket = require('ws')
const { convertUrlToWebSocket, sanitizeHeaders } = require('./utils')
const fp = require('fastify-plugin')
const qs = require('fast-querystring')
const { validateOptions } = require('./src/options')

const defaultRoutes = ['/', '/*']
const defaultHttpMethods = ['DELETE', 'GET', 'HEAD', 'PATCH', 'POST', 'PUT', 'OPTIONS']
const urlPattern = /^https?:\/\//
const absoluteUrlPattern = /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z\d+.-]*:/
const kWs = Symbol('ws')
const kWsHead = Symbol('wsHead')
const kWsRewritePrefix = Symbol('wsRewritePrefix')
const kWsUpgradeListener = Symbol('wsUpgradeListener')
const kWsPrefixes = Symbol('wsPrefixes')

function liftErrorCode (code) {
  /* c8 ignore start */
  if (typeof code !== 'number') {
    // Sometimes "close" event emits with a non-numeric value
    return 1011
  } else if (code === 1004 || code === 1005 || code === 1006) {
    // ws module forbid those error codes usage, lift to "application level" (4xxx)
    return 3000 + code
  } else {
    return code
  }
  /* c8 ignore stop */
}

function closeWebSocket (socket, code, reason) {
  socket.isAlive = false
  if (socket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
    socket.close(liftErrorCode(code), reason)
  }
}

function waitConnection (socket, write) {
  if (socket.readyState === WebSocket.CONNECTING) {
    socket.once('open', write)
  } else {
    write()
  }
}

function waitForConnection (target, timeout) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
      /* c8 ignore start */
      reject(new Error('WebSocket connection timeout'))
      /* c8 ignore stop */
    }, timeout)

    /* c8 ignore start */
    if (target.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
      clearTimeout(timeoutId)
      return resolve()
    }
    /* c8 ignore stop */

    if (target.readyState === WebSocket.CONNECTING) {
      target.once('open', () => {
        clearTimeout(timeoutId)
        resolve()
      })
      target.once('error', (err) => {
        clearTimeout(timeoutId)
        reject(err)
      })
      /* c8 ignore start */
    } else {
      clearTimeout(timeoutId)
      reject(new Error('WebSocket is closed'))
    }
    /* c8 ignore stop */
  })
}

function isExternalUrl (url) {
  return urlPattern.test(url)
}

function noop () { }

function noopPreRewrite (url) {
  return url
}

function invalidDestination () {
  const err = new Error('source/request contain invalid characters')
  err.statusCode = 400
  return err
}

function validateDestination (dest) {
  const normalizedReference = dest
    .replaceAll('\t', '')
    .replaceAll('\n', '')
    .replaceAll('\r', '')
    .replaceAll('\0', '')
    .trimStart()
    .replaceAll('\\', '/')

  if (absoluteUrlPattern.test(normalizedReference) || normalizedReference.startsWith('//')) {
    throw invalidDestination()
  }

  let decoded
  try {
    decoded = decodeURIComponent(normalizedReference)
  } catch {
    throw invalidDestination()
  }

  decoded = decoded.replaceAll('\\', '/')

  if (decoded.split('/').includes('..')) {
    throw invalidDestination()
  }
}

function resolveDestination (dest, rewritePrefix, upstream = 'http://fastify-http-proxy.invalid') {
  validateDestination(dest)

  const base = new URL(upstream)
  const target = new URL(dest, base)
  const prefix = new URL(rewritePrefix, base)
  const prefixBoundary = prefix.pathname.endsWith('/')
    ? prefix.pathname
    : `${prefix.pathname}/`
  const isWithinPrefix = target.pathname === prefix.pathname || target.pathname.startsWith(prefixBoundary)

  if (target.origin !== base.origin || prefix.origin !== base.origin || !isWithinPrefix) {
    throw invalidDestination()
  }

  return target
}

function createContext (logger) {
  return { log: logger }
}

function proxyWebSockets (logger, source, target, hooks) {
  const context = createContext(logger)
  // close() is bound to the close/error events of both sockets and closes the
  // other side itself, so tearing the link down re-enters it. The link is only
  // disconnected once, so the hook is only called once.
  let disconnected = false
  function close (code, reason) {
    if (hooks.onDisconnect && !disconnected) {
      disconnected = true
      waitConnection(target, () => {
        try {
          hooks.onDisconnect(context, source)
        } catch (err) {
          logger.error({ err }, 'proxy ws error from onDisconnect hook')
        }
      })
    }
    closeWebSocket(source, code, reason)
    closeWebSocket(target, code, reason)
  }

  source.on('message', (data, binary) => {
    if (hooks.onIncomingMessage) {
      try {
        hooks.onIncomingMessage(context, source, target, { data, binary })
      } catch (err) {
        logger.error({ err }, 'proxy ws error from onIncomingMessage hook')
      }
    }
    waitConnection(target, () => target.send(data, { binary }))
  })
  /* c8 ignore start */
  source.on('ping', data => waitConnection(target, () => target.ping(data)))
  source.on('pong', data => waitConnection(target, () => target.pong(data)))
  /* c8 ignore stop */
  source.on('close', close)
  /* c8 ignore start */
  source.on('error', error => close(1011, error.message))
  source.on('unexpected-response', () => close(1011, 'unexpected response'))
  /* c8 ignore stop */

  // source WebSocket is already connected because it is created by ws server
  target.on('message', (data, binary) => {
    if (hooks.onOutgoingMessage) {
      try {
        hooks.onOutgoingMessage(context, source, target, { data, binary })
      } catch (err) {
        logger.error({ err }, 'proxy ws error from onOutgoingMessage hook')
      }
    }
    source.send(data, { binary })
  })
  /* c8 ignore start */
  target.on('ping', data => source.ping(data))
  /* c8 ignore stop */
  target.on('pong', data => source.pong(data))
  target.on('close', close)
  /* c8 ignore start */
  target.on('error', error => close(1011, error.message))
  target.on('unexpected-response', () => close(1011, 'unexpected response'))
  /* c8 ignore stop */

  if (hooks.onConnect) {
    waitConnection(target, () => {
      try {
        hooks.onConnect(context, source, target)
      } catch (err) {
        logger.error({ err }, 'proxy ws error from onConnect hook')
      }
    })
  }
}

async function reconnect (logger, source, reconnectOptions, hooks, targetParams) {
  const { url, subprotocols, optionsWs } = targetParams

  let attempts = 0
  let target
  do {
    const reconnectWait = reconnectOptions.reconnectInterval * (reconnectOptions.reconnectDecay * attempts || 1)
    reconnectOptions.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url }, `proxy ws reconnect in ${reconnectWait} ms`)
    await wait(reconnectWait)

    try {
      target = new WebSocket(url, subprotocols, optionsWs)
      await waitForConnection(target, reconnectOptions.connectionTimeout)
    } catch (err) {
      reconnectOptions.logs && logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err, attempts }, 'proxy ws reconnect error')
      attempts++
      target = undefined
    }
    // stop if the source connection is closed during the reconnection
  } while (source.isAlive && !target && attempts < reconnectOptions.maxReconnectionRetries)

  /* c8 ignore start */
  if (!source.isAlive) {
    reconnectOptions.logs && logger.info({ target: targetParams.url, attempts }, 'proxy ws abort reconnect due to source is closed')
    source.close()
    return
  }
  /* c8 ignore stop */

  if (!target) {
    logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, attempts }, 'proxy ws failed to reconnect! No more retries')
    source.close()
    return
  }

  reconnectOptions.logs && logger.info({ target: targetParams.url, attempts }, 'proxy ws reconnected')
  proxyWebSocketsWithReconnection(logger, source, target, reconnectOptions, hooks, targetParams, true)
}

function proxyWebSocketsWithReconnection (logger, source, target, options, hooks, targetParams, isReconnecting = false) {
  const context = createContext(logger)
  // See proxyWebSockets: close() is reachable from both sockets and closes the
  // target before reaching the hook, so the teardown comes back around. A
  // reconnection re-enters this function with a fresh target and a fresh flag.
  let disconnected = false
  function close (code, reason) {
    target.pingTimer && clearInterval(target.pingTimer)
    target.pingTimer = undefined
    closeWebSocket(target, code, reason)

    // reconnect target as long as the source connection is active
    if (source.isAlive && (target.broken || options.reconnectOnClose)) {
      // clean up the target and related source listeners
      target.isAlive = false
      target.removeAllListeners()

      reconnect(logger, source, options, hooks, targetParams)
      return
    }

    if (hooks.onDisconnect && !disconnected) {
      disconnected = true
      try {
        hooks.onDisconnect(context, source)
      } catch (err) {
        options.logs && logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err }, 'proxy ws error from onDisconnect hook')
      }
    }

    options.logs && logger.info({ msg: 'proxy ws close link' })
    closeWebSocket(source, code, reason)
    closeWebSocket(target, code, reason)
  }

  function removeSourceListeners (source) {
    source.off('message', sourceOnMessage)
    source.off('ping', sourceOnPing)
    source.off('pong', sourceOnPong)
    source.off('close', sourceOnClose)
    source.off('error', sourceOnError)
    source.off('unexpected-response', sourceOnUnexpectedResponse)
  }

  /* c8 ignore start */
  function sourceOnMessage (data, binary) {
    source.isAlive = true
    if (hooks.onIncomingMessage) {
      try {
        hooks.onIncomingMessage(context, source, target, { data, binary })
      } catch (err) {
        logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err }, 'proxy ws error from onIncomingMessage hook')
      }
    }
    waitConnection(target, () => target.send(data, { binary }))
  }
  function sourceOnPing (data) {
    source.isAlive = true
    waitConnection(target, () => target.ping(data))
  }
  function sourceOnPong (data) {
    source.isAlive = true
    waitConnection(target, () => target.pong(data))
  }
  function sourceOnClose (code, reason) {
    source.isAlive = false
    options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url, code, reason }, 'proxy ws source close event')
    close(code, reason)
  }
  function sourceOnError (error) {
    source.isAlive = false
    options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url, error: error.message }, 'proxy ws source error event')
    close(1011, error.message)
  }
  function sourceOnUnexpectedResponse () {
    source.isAlive = false
    options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url }, 'proxy ws source unexpected-response event')
    close(1011, 'unexpected response')
  }
  /* c8 ignore stop */

  // need to specify the listeners to remove
  removeSourceListeners(source)
  // source is alive since it is created by the proxy service
  // the pinger is not set since we can't reconnect from here
  source.isAlive = true
  source.on('message', sourceOnMessage)
  source.on('ping', sourceOnPing)
  source.on('pong', sourceOnPong)
  source.on('close', sourceOnClose)
  source.on('error', sourceOnError)
  source.on('unexpected-response', sourceOnUnexpectedResponse)

  // source WebSocket is already connected because it is created by ws server
  /* c8 ignore start */
  target.on('message', (data, binary) => {
    target.isAlive = true
    if (hooks.onOutgoingMessage) {
      try {
        hooks.onOutgoingMessage(context, source, target, { data, binary })
      } catch (err) {
        logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err }, 'proxy ws error from onOutgoingMessage hook')
      }
    }
    source.send(data, { binary })
  })
  target.on('ping', data => {
    target.isAlive = true
    source.ping(data)
  })
  target.on('pong', data => {
    target.isAlive = true
    if (hooks.onPong) {
      try {
        hooks.onPong(context, source, target)
      } catch (err) {
        logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err }, 'proxy ws error from onPong hook')
      }
    }
    source.pong(data)
  })
  /* c8 ignore stop */
  target.on('close', (code, reason) => {
    options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url, code, reason }, 'proxy ws target close event')
    close(code, reason)
  })
  /* c8 ignore start */
  target.on('error', error => {
    options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url, error: error.message }, 'proxy ws target error event')
    close(1011, error.message)
  })
  target.on('unexpected-response', () => {
    options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url }, 'proxy ws target unexpected-response event')
    close(1011, 'unexpected response')
  })
  /* c8 ignore stop */

  waitConnection(target, () => {
    target.isAlive = true
    target.pingTimer = setInterval(() => {
      if (target.isAlive === false) {
        target.broken = true
        options.logs && logger.warn({ target: targetParams.url }, 'proxy ws connection is broken')
        target.pingTimer && clearInterval(target.pingTimer)
        target.pingTimer = undefined
        return target.terminate()
      }
      target.isAlive = false
      target.ping()
    }, options.pingInterval).unref()

    // call onConnect and onReconnect callbacks after the events are bound
    if (isReconnecting && hooks.onReconnect) {
      try {
        hooks.onReconnect(context, source, target)
      } catch (err) {
        options.logs && logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err }, 'proxy ws error from onReconnect hook')
      }
    } else if (hooks.onConnect) {
      try {
        hooks.onConnect(context, source, target)
      } catch (err) {
        options.logs && logger.error({ target: targetParams.url, err }, 'proxy ws error from onConnect hook')
      }
    }
  })
}

function isUpgradeWithinPrefixes (rawRequest, prefixes) {
  const pathname = rawRequest.url.split('?', 1)[0]
  for (const prefix of prefixes) {
    // Normalise the prefix to its path without a trailing slash. A proxy
    // mounted at the root ('' or '/') owns every upgrade.
    const base = prefix.endsWith('/') ? prefix.slice(0, -1) : prefix
    if (base === '' || pathname === base || pathname.startsWith(`${base}/`)) {
      return true
    }
  }
  return false
}

function handleUpgrade (fastify, rawRequest, socket, head) {
  // Save a reference to the socket and then dispatch the request through the normal fastify router so that it will invoke hooks and then eventually a route handler that might upgrade the socket.
  rawRequest[kWs] = socket
  rawRequest[kWsHead] = head

  const rawResponse = new ServerResponse(rawRequest)
  rawResponse.assignSocket(socket)
  fastify.routing(rawRequest, rawResponse)

  rawResponse.on('finish', () => {
    socket.destroy()
  })
}

class WebSocketProxy {
  constructor (fastify, { wsReconnect, wsHooks, wsServerOptions, wsClientOptions, upstream, wsUpstream, replyOptions: { getUpstream } = {} }) {
    this.logger = fastify.log
    this.wsClientOptions = {
      rewriteRequestHeaders: defaultWsHeadersRewrite,
      headers: {},
      ...wsClientOptions
    }
    this.upstream = upstream ? convertUrlToWebSocket(upstream) : ''
    this.wsUpstream = wsUpstream ? convertUrlToWebSocket(wsUpstream) : ''
    this.getUpstream = getUpstream
    this.wsReconnect = wsReconnect
    this.wsHooks = wsHooks
    const wss = new WebSocket.Server({
      noServer: true,
      ...wsServerOptions
    })

    if (!fastify.server[kWsUpgradeListener]) {
      // A single 'upgrade' listener is shared by every proxy registered on
      // this server. When the proxy coexists with other 'upgrade' listeners
      // (e.g. @fastify/websocket), it must only handle upgrades that target
      // one of the registered proxy prefixes, otherwise it would hijack
      // WebSocket endpoints it does not own. When the proxy is the only
      // 'upgrade' listener, every upgrade is dispatched as before so that
      // out-of-prefix requests are still routed (and rejected) normally.
      const prefixes = fastify.server[kWsPrefixes] = []
      fastify.server[kWsUpgradeListener] = (rawRequest, socket, head) => {
        // Socket already claimed by another 'upgrade' listener: a second
        // assignSocket() would throw ERR_HTTP_SOCKET_ASSIGNED.
        if (socket._httpMessage) {
          return
        }
        if (
          fastify.server.listenerCount('upgrade') === 1 ||
          isUpgradeWithinPrefixes(rawRequest, prefixes)
        ) {
          handleUpgrade(fastify, rawRequest, socket, head)
        }
      }
      // Run first, whatever the registration order, so proxy prefixes are
      // never claimed by another listener (e.g. @fastify/websocket).
      fastify.server.prependListener('upgrade', fastify.server[kWsUpgradeListener])
    }
    fastify.server[kWsPrefixes].push(fastify.prefix)

    this.handleUpgrade = (request, dest, cb) => {
      wss.handleUpgrade(request.raw, request.raw[kWs], request.raw[kWsHead], (socket) => {
        this.handleConnection(socket, request, dest)
        cb()
      })
    }

    // To be able to close the HTTP server,
    // all WebSocket clients need to be disconnected.
    // Fastify is missing a pre-close event, or the ability to
    // add a hook before the server.close call. We need to resort
    // to monkeypatching for now.
    {
      const oldClose = fastify.server.close
      fastify.server.close = function (done) {
        wss.close(() => {
          oldClose.call(this, (err) => {
            done && done(err)
          })
        })
        for (const client of wss.clients) {
          client.close()
        }
      }
    }

    /* c8 ignore start */
    wss.on('error', (err) => {
      this.logger.error(err)
    })
    /* c8 ignore stop */

    this.wss = wss
    this.prefixList = []
  }

  findUpstream (request, dest) {
    const { search } = new URL(request.url, 'ws://127.0.0.1')
    const rewritePrefix = request.raw[kWsRewritePrefix] || '/'

    if (typeof this.wsUpstream === 'string' && this.wsUpstream !== '') {
      const target = resolveDestination(dest, rewritePrefix, this.wsUpstream)
      target.search = search
      return target
    }

    if (typeof this.upstream === 'string' && this.upstream !== '') {
      const target = resolveDestination(dest, rewritePrefix, this.upstream)
      target.search = search
      return target
    }

    const upstream = this.getUpstream(request, '')
    const target = resolveDestination(dest, rewritePrefix, upstream)
    /* c8 ignore next */
    target.protocol = upstream.indexOf('http:') === 0 ? 'ws:' : 'wss'
    target.search = search
    return target
  }

  handleConnection (source, request, dest) {
    const url = this.findUpstream(request, dest)
    const queryString = getQueryString(url.search, request.url, this.wsClientOptions, request)
    url.search = queryString

    const rewriteRequestHeaders = this.wsClientOptions.rewriteRequestHeaders
    const headersToRewrite = this.wsClientOptions.headers

    const subprotocols = []
    if (source.protocol) {
      subprotocols.push(source.protocol)
    }

    const headers = rewriteRequestHeaders(headersToRewrite, request)
    const optionsWs = { ...this.wsClientOptions, headers }

    const target = new WebSocket(url, subprotocols, optionsWs)
    this.logger.debug({ url: url.href }, 'proxy websocket')

    if (this.wsReconnect) {
      const targetParams = { url, subprotocols, optionsWs }
      proxyWebSocketsWithReconnection(this.logger, source, target, this.wsReconnect, this.wsHooks, targetParams)
    } else {
      proxyWebSockets(this.logger, source, target, this.wsHooks)
    }
  }
}

function getQueryString (search, reqUrl, opts, request) {
  if (typeof opts.queryString === 'function') {
    return '?' + opts.queryString(search, reqUrl, request)
  }

  if (opts.queryString) {
    return '?' + qs.stringify(opts.queryString)
  }

  if (search.length > 0) {
    return search
  }

  return ''
}

function defaultWsHeadersRewrite (headers, request) {
  if (request.headers.cookie) {
    return { ...headers, cookie: request.headers.cookie }
  }
  return { ...headers }
}

function generateRewritePrefix (prefix, opts) {
  let rewritePrefix = opts.rewritePrefix || (opts.upstream ? new URL(opts.upstream).pathname : '/')

  if (!prefix.endsWith('/') && rewritePrefix.endsWith('/')) {
    rewritePrefix = rewritePrefix.slice(0, -1)
  }

  return rewritePrefix
}

// Find the raw path boundary matching the router-normalized prefix without decoding the suffix.
function getRawPrefixLength (path, prefix, options) {
  if (options.ignoreDuplicateSlashes) {
    prefix = prefix.replace(/\/\/+/g, '/')
  }
  if (!options.caseSensitive) {
    prefix = prefix.toLowerCase()
  }
  if (prefix.length === 0) {
    return 0
  }

  let pathIndex = 0
  let decodedPrefix = ''
  let previousWasSlash = false

  while (pathIndex < path.length) {
    const isSlash = path[pathIndex] === '/'
    if (options.ignoreDuplicateSlashes && isSlash && previousWasSlash) {
      pathIndex++
      continue
    }

    let rawLength = 1
    let decodedCharacter

    if (path[pathIndex] === '%') {
      rawLength = 3

      // A percent-encoded UTF-8 character can contain up to four byte triplets.
      while (true) {
        try {
          decodedCharacter = decodeURI(path.slice(pathIndex, pathIndex + rawLength))
          break
        } catch (error) {
          if (rawLength === 12 || path[pathIndex + rawLength] !== '%') {
            throw error
          }
          rawLength += 3
        }
      }
    } else {
      rawLength = path.codePointAt(pathIndex) > 0xFFFF ? 2 : 1
      decodedCharacter = path.slice(pathIndex, pathIndex + rawLength)
    }

    decodedPrefix += decodedCharacter
    pathIndex += rawLength
    previousWasSlash = isSlash

    const normalizedDecodedPrefix = options.caseSensitive ? decodedPrefix : decodedPrefix.toLowerCase()
    if (normalizedDecodedPrefix === prefix) {
      return pathIndex
    }
    if (normalizedDecodedPrefix.length >= prefix.length) {
      return -1
    }
  }

  return -1
}

async function fastifyHttpProxy (fastify, opts) {
  opts = validateOptions(opts)

  const replyHandler = opts.handler ?? function replyHandler (_, reply, dest, options) {
    return reply.from(dest, options)
  }

  const preHandler = opts.preHandler || opts.beforeHandler
  const preRewrite = typeof opts.preRewrite === 'function' ? opts.preRewrite : noopPreRewrite
  const rewritePrefix = generateRewritePrefix(fastify.prefix, opts)
  const initialConfig = fastify.initialConfig
  const routerOptions = initialConfig.routerOptions || {}
  const prefixMatchingOptions = {
    caseSensitive: routerOptions.caseSensitive ?? initialConfig.caseSensitive,
    ignoreDuplicateSlashes: routerOptions.ignoreDuplicateSlashes ?? initialConfig.ignoreDuplicateSlashes,
    ignoreTrailingSlash: routerOptions.ignoreTrailingSlash ?? initialConfig.ignoreTrailingSlash
  }

  const fromOpts = Object.assign({}, opts)
  fromOpts.base = opts.upstream
  fromOpts.prefix = undefined

  const internalRewriteLocationHeader = opts.internalRewriteLocationHeader ?? true
  const oldRewriteHeaders = (opts.replyOptions || {}).rewriteHeaders
  const replyOpts = Object.assign({}, opts.replyOptions, {
    rewriteHeaders
  })
  fromOpts.rewriteHeaders = rewriteHeaders

  fastify.register(From, fromOpts)

  if (opts.preValidation) {
    fastify.addHook('preValidation', opts.preValidation)
  } else if (opts.proxyPayloads !== false) {
    fastify.addContentTypeParser('application/json', bodyParser)
    fastify.addContentTypeParser('*', bodyParser)
  }

  function rewriteHeaders (headers, req) {
    const location = headers.location
    if (location && !isExternalUrl(location) && internalRewriteLocationHeader) {
      headers.location = location.replace(rewritePrefix, fastify.prefix)
    }
    if (oldRewriteHeaders) {
      headers = oldRewriteHeaders(headers, req)
    }

    // Sanitize header values so an upstream reply with an invalid header
    // does not crash the whole request.
    headers = sanitizeHeaders(headers)

    return headers
  }

  function bodyParser (_req, payload, done) {
    done(null, payload)
  }

  const method = opts.httpMethods || defaultHttpMethods
  const config = opts.config || {}
  const constraints = opts.constraints || {}

  for (const url of opts.routes || defaultRoutes) {
    // Skip methods already registered for this url, e.g. the OPTIONS '/*'
    // preflight route added by @fastify/cors, to avoid a duplicated route error.
    const fullUrls = joinPrefix(fastify.prefix, url)
    const methods = []
    const skipped = []
    for (const m of [].concat(method)) {
      if (fullUrls.some(fullUrl => fastify.hasRoute({ url: fullUrl, method: m, constraints }))) {
        skipped.push(m)
      } else {
        methods.push(m)
      }
    }
    if (skipped.length > 0) {
      fastify.log.debug(
        { url: fullUrls[0], methods: skipped },
        '@fastify/http-proxy: skipping methods already registered for route'
      )
    }
    if (methods.length > 0) {
      fastify.route({ url, method: methods, preHandler, config, constraints, handler })
    }
  }

  // Mirrors how Fastify joins the plugin prefix and the route url, so that
  // the lookup above targets the very same paths `fastify.route()` registers.
  function joinPrefix (prefix, url) {
    if (url === '/' && prefix.length > 0) {
      // '/prefix' is always registered, '/prefix/' only when the router
      // options do not make it redundant
      const { ignoreTrailingSlash, ignoreDuplicateSlashes } = prefixMatchingOptions
      if (ignoreTrailingSlash !== true && (ignoreDuplicateSlashes !== true || !prefix.endsWith('/'))) {
        return [prefix, prefix + '/']
      }
      return [prefix]
    }
    if (url[0] === '/' && prefix.endsWith('/')) {
      // '/prefix/' + '/route' is registered as '/prefix/route'
      return [prefix + url.slice(1)]
    }
    return [prefix + url]
  }

  let wsProxy

  if (opts.websocket) {
    wsProxy = new WebSocketProxy(fastify, opts)
  }

  function extractUrlComponents (urlString) {
    const [path, queryString] = urlString.split('?', 2)
    const components = {
      path,
      queryParams: null
    }

    if (queryString) {
      components.queryParams = qs.parse(queryString)
    }

    return components
  }

  function fromParametersWithRewritePrefix (url, params = {}, prefix = '/') {
    url = preRewrite(url, params, prefix)

    const { path, queryParams } = extractUrlComponents(url)
    let dest = path
    let effectiveRewritePrefix = rewritePrefix

    if (prefix.includes(':')) {
      let normalizedPath = path
      let normalizedPrefix = prefix
      if (prefixMatchingOptions.ignoreDuplicateSlashes) {
        normalizedPath = normalizedPath.replace(/\/\/+/g, '/')
        normalizedPrefix = normalizedPrefix.replace(/\/\/+/g, '/')
      }

      const requestedPathElements = normalizedPath.split('/')
      const prefixPathWithVariables = normalizedPrefix.split('/').map((_, index) => requestedPathElements[index]).join('/')
      const decodedPrefixPath = decodeURI(prefixPathWithVariables)

      let rewritePrefixWithVariables = rewritePrefix
      for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(params)) {
        rewritePrefixWithVariables = rewritePrefixWithVariables.replace(`:${name}`, value)
      }

      let rawPrefixLength = getRawPrefixLength(dest, decodedPrefixPath, prefixMatchingOptions)
      if (rawPrefixLength === -1 && prefixMatchingOptions.ignoreTrailingSlash && decodedPrefixPath.endsWith('/')) {
        const lengthWithoutTrailingSlash = getRawPrefixLength(dest, decodedPrefixPath.slice(0, -1), prefixMatchingOptions)
        if (lengthWithoutTrailingSlash === dest.length) {
          rawPrefixLength = lengthWithoutTrailingSlash
        }
      }

      if (rawPrefixLength !== -1) {
        dest = rewritePrefixWithVariables + dest.slice(rawPrefixLength)
        effectiveRewritePrefix = rewritePrefixWithVariables
      }
    } else {
      let rawPrefixLength = getRawPrefixLength(dest, prefix, prefixMatchingOptions)
      let normalizedPrefix = prefix
      if (prefixMatchingOptions.ignoreDuplicateSlashes) {
        normalizedPrefix = normalizedPrefix.replace(/\/\/+/g, '/')
      }

      if (rawPrefixLength === -1 && prefixMatchingOptions.ignoreTrailingSlash && normalizedPrefix.length > 1 && normalizedPrefix.endsWith('/')) {
        const lengthWithoutTrailingSlash = getRawPrefixLength(dest, normalizedPrefix.slice(0, -1), prefixMatchingOptions)
        if (lengthWithoutTrailingSlash === dest.length) {
          rawPrefixLength = lengthWithoutTrailingSlash
        }
      }

      if (rawPrefixLength !== -1) {
        dest = rewritePrefix + dest.slice(rawPrefixLength)
      }
    }

    if (queryParams) {
      dest += `?${qs.stringify(queryParams)}`
    }

    return { url: dest || '/', options: replyOpts, rewritePrefix: effectiveRewritePrefix }
  }

  function fromParameters (url, params = {}, prefix = '/') {
    const result = fromParametersWithRewritePrefix(url, params, prefix)
    // Reject traversal escapes (including backslash dot-segments) so callers that
    // proxy the returned url via reply.from() get the same protection as the handler.
    validateDestination(result.url.split('?', 1)[0])
    return { url: result.url, options: result.options }
  }

  function handler (request, reply) {
    const { url, options, rewritePrefix: effectiveRewritePrefix } = fromParametersWithRewritePrefix(request.url, request.params, this.prefix)
    const dest = url.split('?', 1)[0]

    if (request.raw[kWs]) {
      // Validate before hijacking so Fastify can return a 400 response.
      request.raw[kWsRewritePrefix] = effectiveRewritePrefix
      resolveDestination(dest, effectiveRewritePrefix)
      reply.hijack()
      try {
        wsProxy.handleUpgrade(request, dest, noop)
      } /* c8 ignore start */ catch (err) {
        request.log.warn({ err }, 'websocket proxy error')
      } /* c8 ignore stop */
      return
    }

    let upstream = opts.upstream
    let handlerOptions = options
    if (typeof options.getUpstream === 'function') {
      upstream = options.getUpstream(request, upstream)
      handlerOptions = { ...options, getUpstream: () => upstream }
    }

    resolveDestination(dest, effectiveRewritePrefix, upstream || undefined)
    return replyHandler(request, reply, dest, handlerOptions)
  }

  fastify.decorateReply('fromParameters', fromParameters)
  fastify.decorateReply('wsProxy', {
    /* c8 ignore next 3 */
    getter () {
      return wsProxy
    }
  })
}

module.exports = fp(fastifyHttpProxy, {
  fastify: '5.x',
  name: '@fastify/http-proxy',
  encapsulate: true
})
module.exports.default = fastifyHttpProxy
module.exports.defaultRoutes = defaultRoutes
module.exports.defaultHttpMethods = defaultHttpMethods
module.exports.fastifyHttpProxy = fastifyHttpProxy