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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion content/derisking-government-tech/home/introduction.md
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Expand Up @@ -129,4 +129,4 @@ We’re federal employees who work for [18F](https://18f.gsa.gov/){.usa-link .us

**Next:** [Understanding and choosing a software solution]({{ "/derisking-government-tech/software-solutions/" | url }})

[^only]: The Standish Group’s Haze Report, 2015.
[^only]: The Standish Group’s [Haze Report](https://web.archive.org/web/20240913080525/https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/Haze4.pdf), 2015.
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion content/derisking/federal-field-guide/3-planning.md
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Expand Up @@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ The first meaningful step to provide the federal government with the same world-
[^software]: When modifying COTS, keep in mind the existing warranty and any impacts that it may have through such an activity.
[^agencies]: See 18F's [What agencies have to say about working in the open](https://18f.gsa.gov/2018/05/24/what-agencies-have-to-say-about-working-in-the-open/) for specifics.
[^merits]: See the U.S. Department of Defense's [DoD Open Source Software (OSS) FAQ](https://dodcio.defense.gov/Open-Source-Software-FAQ/#OSS_and_Security.2FSoftware_Assurance.2FSystem_Assurance.2FSupply_Chain_Risk_Management) for specifics.
[^succeed]: Projects valued at $6M or greater, in Europe and the United States, that were completed satisfactorily, on time, and within budget. "Haze Report,” The Standish Group, 2015.
[^succeed]: Projects valued at $6M or greater, in Europe and the United States, that were completed satisfactorily, on time, and within budget. The Standish Group’s [Haze Report](https://web.archive.org/web/20240913080525/https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/Haze4.pdf), 2015.
[^rate]: The [CALC tool](https://calc.gsa.gov/) provides a range of Multiple Award Schedules (MAS) ceiling prices for a given labor category. Decisions on reasonable comparison pricing for labor is the judgment call of the contracting officer. The average hourly labor rate will fluctuate over time based on contract awards.
[^budget]: The A-11 memo section related to Information Technology can be found [here](https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/FY22ITBudget_CapitalPlanningGuidance.pdf).
[^constitution]: As a way to enforce its power of the purse on the executive, there is a significant body of law, called fiscal law, that controls how agencies may obligate Congressional appropriations. Examples include: the Purpose statute (31 U.S.C. § 1301(a)), Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. § 1341), Adequacy of Appropriations Act (41 USC 11), Miscellaneous Receipts Act (31 U.S.C. § 3302(b)), Bona Fide Needs (whose statutory basis is found at 31 U.S.C. § 1502, but is defined and interpreted through numerous GAO opinions), and Account Closing (31 U.S.C. § 1555). While readers should consult with their General Counsel on specific application or interpretation of laws, these topics are worth highlighting potential issues they present for modern software acquisitions in agencies.
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions content/derisking/state-field-guide/3-budgeting-tech.md
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Expand Up @@ -385,9 +385,9 @@ It is no kindness to fund a project that is going to fail. If the agency doesn

[^etc]: For more about the difference between O&amp;M and continuous agile development, read <a href="https://18f.gsa.gov/2016/02/23/software-maintenance-is-an-anti-pattern/">"Software maintenance is an anti-pattern"</a> on the 18F blog.

[^project]: In The Standish Group’s 2014 CHAOS Report, based on a survey of 25,000 software projects, they found that software projects that cost more than $10 million succeed only 8% of the time. Outcomes improve substantially as the dollar value is reduced, peaking at a 70% success rate for projects under $1 million.
[^project]: In The Standish Group’s [2014 CHAOS Report](https://web.archive.org/web/20240916234207/https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/CHAOSReport2015-Final.pdf), based on a survey of 25,000 software projects, they found that software projects that cost more than $10 million succeed only 8% of the time. Outcomes improve substantially as the dollar value is reduced, peaking at a 70% success rate for projects under $1 million.

[^markedly]: In The Standish Group’s 2014 CHAOS Report, based on a survey of 25,000 software projects, they found that software projects’ outcomes get worse as more money is spent. Limiting the spending on each contract segments the project into smaller components, making each component — and the entire project — more likely to succeed.
[^markedly]: In The Standish Group’s [2014 CHAOS Report](https://web.archive.org/web/20240916234207/https://www.standishgroup.com/sample_research_files/CHAOSReport2015-Final.pdf), based on a survey of 25,000 software projects, they found that software projects’ outcomes get worse as more money is spent. Limiting the spending on each contract segments the project into smaller components, making each component — and the entire project — more likely to succeed.

[^state]: Alaska’s Department of Health &amp; Social Services faced this challenge in 2017, and their Contracts and Procurement Manager wrote about the process that they used to attract small, agile, Alaskan vendors in "<a href="https://18f.gsa.gov/2017/09/12/how-alaska-is-using-transparency/">How Alaska is using transparency to attract modern software vendors</a>."

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