Update sbt, scripted-plugin to 1.12.11

project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-basic-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-cookie-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-digest-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-jwt-bearer-refresh-token-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-jwt-bearer-token-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-oauth-bearer-token-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-opaque-bearer-token-auth/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http-example-webauthn/project/build.properties

@@ -1 +1 @@
-sbt.version=1.12.9
+sbt.version=1.12.11

zio-http/jvm/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/AsyncBodyReader.scala

@@ -32,12 +32,18 @@ import io.netty.channel.{ChannelHandlerContext, SimpleChannelInboundHandler}
 import io.netty.handler.codec.http.{HttpContent, LastHttpContent}
 import io.netty.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture
 
-private[netty] abstract class AsyncBodyReader(timeoutMillis: Option[Long])
-    extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler[HttpContent](true) { self =>
+private[netty] abstract class AsyncBodyReader(
+  timeoutMillis: Option[Long],
+  maxPreConnectBufferSize: Int = AsyncBodyReader.DefaultMaxPreConnectBufferSize,
+) extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler[HttpContent](true) { self =>
   import zio.http.netty.AsyncBodyReader._
 
   private var state: State                    = State.Buffering
   private val buffer                          = new mutable.ArrayBuilder.ofByte()
+  // Tracks `buffer` size while in `State.Buffering` so we can apply back-pressure
+  // before the consumer connects. `ArrayBuilder#knownSize` is unreliable on
+  // Scala 2.12, so we count bytes ourselves.
+  private var bufferedBytes: Int              = 0
   private var previousAutoRead: Boolean       = false
   private var readingDone: Boolean            = false
   private var ctx: ChannelHandlerContext      = _
@@ -114,9 +120,12 @@ private[netty] abstract class AsyncBodyReader(timeoutMillis: Option[Long])
       val readMore =
         state match {
           case State.Buffering                                            =>
-            // `connect` method hasn't been called yet, add all incoming content to the buffer
+            // `connect` method hasn't been called yet, add all incoming content to the buffer.
+            // Cap the pre-connect buffer to avoid unbounded heap growth when a fast producer
+            // outpaces a slow-to-start consumer (see issue #3173).
             buffer0.addAll(content)
-            true
+            bufferedBytes += content.length
+            bufferedBytes < maxPreConnectBufferSize
           case State.Direct(callback) if isLast && buffer0.knownSize == 0 =>
             // Buffer is empty, we can just use the array directly
             callback(Chunk.fromArray(content), isLast = true)
@@ -219,6 +228,13 @@ private[netty] abstract class AsyncBodyReader(timeoutMillis: Option[Long])
 
 private[netty] object AsyncBodyReader {
 
+  /**
+   * Default cap on bytes that may be buffered before the consumer calls
+   * `connect`. Once the buffer reaches this size we stop calling `ctx.read()`,
+   * relying on Netty's TCP back-pressure until the consumer drains the buffer.
+   */
+  final val DefaultMaxPreConnectBufferSize: Int = 64 * 1024
+
   sealed trait State
 
   object State {

zio-http/jvm/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerAsyncBodyHandler.scala

@@ -18,4 +18,5 @@ package zio.http.netty.server
 
 import zio.http.netty.AsyncBodyReader
 
-private[zio] final class ServerAsyncBodyHandler extends AsyncBodyReader(timeoutMillis = None) {}
+private[zio] final class ServerAsyncBodyHandler(maxPreConnectBufferSize: Int)
+    extends AsyncBodyReader(timeoutMillis = None, maxPreConnectBufferSize = maxPreConnectBufferSize) {}

zio-http/jvm/src/main/scala/zio/http/netty/server/ServerInboundHandler.scala

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ private[zio] final case class ServerInboundHandler(
     }
 
   private def addAsyncBodyHandler(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext): AsyncBodyReader = {
-    val handler = new ServerAsyncBodyHandler
+    val handler = new ServerAsyncBodyHandler(config.requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize)
     ctx
       .channel()
       .pipeline()

zio-http/jvm/src/test/scala/zio/http/netty/AsyncBodyReaderSpec.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 - 2023 Sporta Technologies PVT LTD & the ZIO HTTP contributors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package zio.http.netty
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+
+import zio._
+import zio.test._
+
+import zio.http.ZIOHttpSpec
+
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled
+import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel
+import io.netty.channel.{ChannelHandlerContext, ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter}
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpContent
+
+/**
+ * Regression test for the pre-connect Buffering window in `AsyncBodyReader`.
+ *
+ * Before any consumer calls `connect`, the reader buffers incoming body chunks
+ * on the heap and asks Netty for more (`ctx.read()`). Without a cap, a fast
+ * producer (e.g. a localhost upload) can fill the heap during the few
+ * milliseconds it takes the route handler to call `request.body.asStream` and
+ * start pulling. See issue #3173.
+ *
+ * `EmbeddedChannel.writeInbound` ignores `autoRead`, so we cannot verify the
+ * fix by checking that buffered bytes stay below the cap. Instead we count the
+ * outbound `read()` requests AsyncBodyReader makes — the cap should make those
+ * calls stop, which is what enforces TCP back-pressure on a real socket.
+ */
+object AsyncBodyReaderSpec extends ZIOHttpSpec {
+
+  private final class TestReader(maxPreConnectBufferSize: Int)
+      extends AsyncBodyReader(timeoutMillis = None, maxPreConnectBufferSize = maxPreConnectBufferSize)
+
+  /** Outbound handler placed before AsyncBodyReader to count `ctx.read()`. */
+  private final class ReadCounter extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
+    val count                                           = new AtomicInteger(0)
+    override def read(ctx: ChannelHandlerContext): Unit = {
+      count.incrementAndGet()
+      ctx.read(): Unit
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def setup(cap: Int): (ReadCounter, EmbeddedChannel) = {
+    val counter = new ReadCounter
+    val ch      = new EmbeddedChannel(new TestReader(maxPreConnectBufferSize = cap))
+    // addFirst places counter at the head of the pipeline, so outbound `read`
+    // events from AsyncBodyReader pass through it on their way to the channel.
+    ch.pipeline().addFirst(counter): Unit
+    (counter, ch)
+  }
+
+  private def feed(ch: EmbeddedChannel, chunkBytes: Int, count: Int): Unit = {
+    val payload = new Array[Byte](chunkBytes)
+    var i       = 0
+    while (i < count) {
+      ch.writeInbound(new DefaultHttpContent(Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(payload))): Unit
+      i += 1
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def spec: Spec[TestEnvironment with Scope, Any] =
+    suite("AsyncBodyReader")(
+      test("Buffering state stops requesting reads once pre-connect cap is reached") {
+        ZIO.attempt {
+          val cap           = 64 * 1024
+          val chunkSz       = 8 * 1024
+          val (counter, ch) = setup(cap)
+          // Feed 100 chunks of 8 KB = 800 KB, far above the 64 KB cap.
+          feed(ch, chunkBytes = chunkSz, count = 100)
+
+          // Without the fix, AsyncBodyReader would request a read after every
+          // chunk (~100 reads). With the cap, it stops once bufferedBytes
+          // reaches the cap — that's after ceil(cap / chunkSz) = 8 chunks.
+          val reads = counter.count.get()
+          assertTrue(reads <= cap / chunkSz, reads < 100)
+        }
+      },
+      test("Buffering state keeps requesting reads while under cap") {
+        ZIO.attempt {
+          val cap           = 64 * 1024
+          val chunkSz       = 1024
+          val (counter, ch) = setup(cap)
+          feed(ch, chunkBytes = chunkSz, count = 4)
+          // 4 KB buffered, well below 64 KB cap → reader still asking for more.
+          val reads         = counter.count.get()
+          assertTrue(reads == 4)
+        }
+      },
+    )
+}

zio-http/shared/src/main/scala/zio/http/Server.scala

@@ -76,6 +76,8 @@ object Server extends ServerPlatformSpecific {
     tcpNoDelay: Boolean,
     @unroll
     generateHeadRoutes: Boolean = false,
+    @unroll
+    requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize: Int = 64 * 1024,
   ) { self =>
 
     /**
@@ -197,6 +199,18 @@ object Server extends ServerPlatformSpecific {
     def requestStreaming(requestStreaming: RequestStreaming): Config =
       self.copy(requestStreaming = requestStreaming)
 
+    /**
+     * Maximum number of bytes the server will buffer from a streamed request
+     * body before the route handler starts consuming it. When the buffer
+     * reaches this size, Netty's TCP back-pressure kicks in and the client is
+     * paused until the handler calls `request.body.asStream` (or similar) and
+     * begins reading. Prevents heap exhaustion when an async handler defers
+     * consuming the body and the client uploads faster than the handler can
+     * connect. Only applies when [[RequestStreaming.Enabled]] is configured.
+     */
+    def requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize(size: Int): Config =
+      self.copy(requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize = size)
+
     /**
      * Sets the maximum number of connection requests that will be queued before
      * being rejected
@@ -232,7 +246,10 @@ object Server extends ServerPlatformSpecific {
         zio.Config.duration("idle-timeout").optional.withDefault(Config.default.idleTimeout) ++
         zio.Config.boolean("avoid-context-switching").withDefault(Config.default.avoidContextSwitching) ++
         zio.Config.int("so-backlog").withDefault(Config.default.soBacklog) ++
-        zio.Config.boolean("tcp-nodelay").withDefault(Config.default.tcpNoDelay)
+        zio.Config.boolean("tcp-nodelay").withDefault(Config.default.tcpNoDelay) ++
+        zio.Config
+          .int("request-body-pre-connect-buffer-size")
+          .withDefault(Config.default.requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize)
 
     }.map {
       case (
@@ -252,6 +269,7 @@ object Server extends ServerPlatformSpecific {
             avoidCtxSwitch,
             soBacklog,
             tcpNoDelay,
+            requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize,
           ) =>
         default.copy(
           sslConfig = sslConfig,
@@ -269,6 +287,7 @@ object Server extends ServerPlatformSpecific {
           avoidContextSwitching = avoidCtxSwitch,
           soBacklog = soBacklog,
           tcpNoDelay = tcpNoDelay,
+          requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize = requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize,
         )
     }
 
@@ -289,6 +308,7 @@ object Server extends ServerPlatformSpecific {
       avoidContextSwitching = false,
       soBacklog = 100,
       tcpNoDelay = true,
+      requestBodyPreConnectBufferSize = 64 * 1024,
     )
 
     final case class ResponseCompressionConfig(