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Official pushpin plugin for dokku. Currently defaults to installing fanout/pushpin 1.42.0.
Requirements
dokku 0.35.x+
docker 1.8.x
Installation
# on 0.35.x+
sudo dokku plugin:install https://github.com/dokku/dokku-pushpin.git --name pushpin
Commands
pushpin:app-links [<app>] # list all Pushpin service links for a given app
pushpin:create <service> [--create-flags...] # create a Pushpin service
pushpin:destroy <service> [-f|--force] # delete the Pushpin service/data/container if there are no links left
pushpin:enter <service> # enter or run a command in a running Pushpin service container
pushpin:exists <service> # check if the Pushpin service exists
pushpin:expose <service> <ports...> # expose a Pushpin service on custom host:port if provided (random port on the 0.0.0.0 interface if otherwise unspecified)
pushpin:info [<service>] [--info-flags...] # print the service information
pushpin:link <service> [<app>] [--link-flags...] # link the Pushpin service to the app
pushpin:linked <service> [<app>] # check if the Pushpin service is linked to an app
pushpin:links <service> # list all apps linked to the Pushpin service
pushpin:list # list all Pushpin services
pushpin:logs <service> [-t|--tail [<tail-num>]] # print the most recent log(s) for this service
pushpin:mount [--replace] <service> <source:container-dir[:options]>... # mount a host path or docker volume into the service container
pushpin:pause <service> # pause a running Pushpin service
pushpin:promote <service> [<app>] # promote service <service> as WEBSOCKET_URL in <app>
pushpin:reexpose <service> # reexpose a Pushpin service, applying its expose settings
pushpin:restart <service> # graceful shutdown and restart of the Pushpin service container
pushpin:set <service> <key> <value> # set or clear a property for a service
pushpin:start <service> # start a previously stopped Pushpin service
pushpin:stop <service> # stop a running Pushpin service
pushpin:unexpose <service> # unexpose a previously exposed Pushpin service
pushpin:unlink <service> [<app>] [-n|--no-restart] # unlink the Pushpin service from the app
pushpin:unmount [--all] <service> [<source:container-dir>...] # remove one or all mounts from the service container
pushpin:upgrade <service> [--upgrade-flags...] # upgrade service <service> to the specified versions
Usage
Help for any commands can be displayed by specifying the command as an argument to pushpin:help. Plugin help output in conjunction with any files in the docs/ folder is used to generate the plugin documentation. Please consult the pushpin:help command for any undocumented commands.
An image other than fanout/pushpin has no version to fall back on, because the version this plugin pins belongs to fanout/pushpin, so name one alongside it.
The container log is bounded by whatever dokku logs:set --global max-size says, and by dokku's own default where it says nothing, which a service may override for itself.
The service is waited on until it answers, for as long as the datastore's own default, which a slow host may raise for every service with PUSHPIN_WAIT_TIMEOUT or a service may raise for itself.
dokku pushpin:create lollipop --wait-timeout 120
The config options are handed to the process the container runs, not to docker, so a host path or docker volume is mounted with --volume, which may be repeated.
The definition's own volumes can be mounted at another path in the container, for an image that keeps its data somewhere else, with --volume-target, which may be repeated.
--backend: show the execution backend the service was created with
--backup-auth-fingerprint: show a sha256 fingerprint of the stored backup access key id and secret
--backup-authenticated: show whether backup credentials are stored for the service
--backup-bucket: show the bucket scheduled backups are shipped to
--backup-default-region: show the region backups authenticate against
--backup-encrypted: show whether scheduled backups are encrypted with a passphrase
--backup-encryption-fingerprint: show a sha256 fingerprint of the stored backup passphrase
--backup-endpoint-url: show the s3-compatible endpoint backups are shipped to
--backup-keyserver: show the keyserver backup public keys are fetched from
--backup-public-key-id: show the gpg public key id backups are encrypted with
--backup-schedule: show the cron schedule backups run on
--backup-signature-version: show the signature version backups authenticate with
--backup-storage-class: show the s3 storage class backups are uploaded with
--backup-use-iam: show whether scheduled backups authenticate with an instance role
--config-dir: show the service configuration directory
--config-options: show the config options the service container is run with
--custom-env: show the custom environment the service container is run with
--data-dir: show the service data directory
--database-name: show the name of the database inside the service
--definition: show the definition the service was created with
--dsn: show the service DSN
--export-args: show the extra arguments every export of the service is run with
--expose-host: show the host the exposed DSN names
--expose-mode: show whether exposed ports are published through an ambassador or directly by the service container
--exposed-dsn: show the DSN the service is reached at through its exposed ports
--exposed-ports: show service exposed ports
--id: show the service container id
--image: show the image the service runs
--image-version: show the image version the service was created with
--import-args: show the extra arguments every import into the service is run with
--initial-network: show the initial network being connected to
--internal-ip: show the service internal ip
--links: show the service app links
--log-driver: show the docker logging driver the service container is run with
--log-opt: show the docker log options the service container is run with
--memory: show the memory limit the service container is run with
--mounts: show the host paths and docker volumes mounted into the service container
--port-bind-address: show the address exposed ports without one of their own are bound on
--port-source-range: show the only range of client addresses the exposed ports accept
--post-create-network: show the networks to attach to after service container creation
--post-start-network: show the networks to attach to after service container start
--restart-policy: show the restart policy the service container is run with
--service: show the name of the service
--service-root: show the service root directory
--shm-size: show the shared memory size the service container is run with
--status: show the service running status
--version: show the service image version
--volume-targets: show the container paths the service's volumes are mounted at in place of the definition's
--wait-timeout: show the seconds the service is waited on to become ready
Get connection information as follows:
dokku pushpin:info lollipop
Alongside the connection information this reports the properties set on the service, the state it was created with, and its backup settings. A property that was never set, or that was unset, reports as empty. Omit the service to report on every pushpin service:
dokku pushpin:info
The information can be read by machine, one json object per service:
dokku pushpin:info lollipop --format json
You can also retrieve a specific piece of service info via a flag, which prints it on its own:
NOTE: a flag cannot be combined with --format, and only one may be given
The exposed dsn is the one a client off the host connects with. It names the expose-host, or the first global domain without one, and is empty until the service is exposed and there is a host to name:
dokku pushpin:info lollipop --exposed-dsn
The properties pushpin:set writes are reported under the names it takes, so a value read here can be written back:
The stored backup credentials and passphrase are never printed. Each is reported as a lowercase hex sha256 fingerprint of the stored value, with surrounding whitespace trimmed, so a copy of the values can be compared against it:
-a|--alias <string>: the prefix of the config variable the service url is set as on the app, which is suffixed with _URL
-e|--env-var <string>: the full name of the config variable the service url is set as on the app, used instead of an alias and not suffixed with _URL
-n|--no-restart: whether to skip restarting the app
-q|--querystring <string>: ampersand delimited querystring arguments to append to the service url after a ?
A pushpin service can be linked to a container. This will use native docker links via the docker-options plugin. Here we link it to our playground app.
NOTE: this will restart your app
dokku pushpin:link lollipop playground
The following environment variables will be set automatically by docker (not on the app itself, so they won’t be listed when calling dokku config):
The host exposed here only works internally in docker containers. If you want your container to be reachable from outside, you should use the expose subcommand. Another service can be linked to your app:
dokku pushpin:link other_service playground
The url can be set under another name with the --alias flag. The value given is the prefix of the config variable, which is suffixed with _URL and holds the same url:
An alias whose variable is already set on the app is refused, and unlink removes the variable whatever alias it was set under. An app that expects the url under a name that does not end in _URL can be given that name in full with the --env-var flag, which cannot be combined with --alias:
It is possible to change the protocol for WEBSOCKET_URL by setting the environment variable PUSHPIN_DATABASE_SCHEME on the app. Link records the variable it set, so unlink still removes it after the scheme or querystring on it changes. A link made by an earlier version of the plugin is recorded the next time link or promote runs for it, and until then we advise you to unlink before changing the scheme.
-n|--no-restart: whether to skip restarting the app
You can unlink a pushpin service:
NOTE: this will restart your app and unset related environment variables
dokku pushpin:unlink lollipop playground
An app is still linked after its WEBSOCKET_URL is changed to point elsewhere, and is unlinked the same way. The variable it now holds is not the service's, so it is left alone, nothing is unset, the app is not restarted, and a warning says so. A variable link set that has only had its scheme or querystring changed still points at the service, and is unset.
set or clear a property for a service
# usage
dokku pushpin:set <service><key><value>
Set the network to attach after the service container is started:
Set the s3 storage class backups are uploaded with, one of STANDARD,REDUCED_REDUNDANCY,STANDARD_IA,ONEZONE_IA,INTELLIGENT_TIERING,GLACIER,DEEP_ARCHIVE or GLACIER_IR:
Name the host the exposed dsn points clients at, when they reach the server by a name or address other than its global domain. It does not change where the ports are bound:
Publish the exposed ports on the service container itself rather than through an ambassador container, which relays every connection. A port-source-range cannot be used with it:
dokku pushpin:set lollipop expose-mode direct
Go back to publishing the exposed ports through an ambassador container:
dokku pushpin:set lollipop expose-mode
Mount one of the definition's volumes at another path in the container, for an image that keeps its data somewhere else. Each volume is named by where it lives in the service directory (config), and several are separated by spaces:
Go back to mounting every volume where the definition does:
dokku pushpin:set lollipop volume-targets
NOTE: a log setting, a restart policy or a volume target reaches the container the next time one is built. pushpin:restart keeps the container it has, so use pushpin:stop and then pushpin:start on a service that is already running.
NOTE: a port-bind-address or port-source-range reaches an exposed service with pushpin:reexpose, which replaces the container publishing its ports and leaves the service container running.
NOTE: an expose-mode, or a port-bind-address for a service exposed directly, reaches an exposed service with pushpin:reexpose, which stops and starts a running service after asking. It also reaches the service the next time it is restarted, or stopped and started.
mount a host path or docker volume into the service container
The source is an absolute host path, which must already exist, or the name of a docker volume. Options follow a second colon: ro or rw, docker's own mount options, volume-subpath= and volume-chown=:
A subpath mounts a directory within the source rather than the source itself. A docker volume mounted from a subpath needs Docker Engine 26.0 or newer, and takes no mount option but nocopy.
A chown hands the mounted directory to a user before the container is made: herokuish, heroku, paketo, root or a uid. It is only taken for a host path inside the service's own directory.
NOTE: a mount cannot land where one of the definition's volumes is mounted, which for a volume moved with the volume-targets property is where it was moved to.
NOTE: a mount reaches the container the next time one is built. pushpin:restart keeps the container it has, so use pushpin:stop and then pushpin:start on a service that is already running.
remove one or all mounts from the service container
NOTE: the mount is removed from the container the next time one is built. pushpin:restart keeps the container it has, so use pushpin:stop and then pushpin:start on a service that is already running.
Service Lifecycle
The lifecycle of each service can be managed through the following commands:
enter or run a command in a running Pushpin service container
# usage
dokku pushpin:enter <service>
A shell can be opened against a running service. Filesystem changes will not be saved to disk.
NOTE: disconnecting from ssh while running this command may leave zombie processes due to moby/moby#9098
dokku pushpin:enter lollipop
You may also run a command directly against the service. Filesystem changes will not be saved to disk.
dokku pushpin:enter lollipop touch /tmp/test
expose a Pushpin service on custom host:port if provided (random port on the 0.0.0.0 interface if otherwise unspecified)
# usage
dokku pushpin:expose <service><ports...>
flags:
-f|--force: stop and start a running service without asking when its container has to publish other ports
Expose the service on the service's normal ports, allowing access to it from the public interface (0.0.0.0):
Expose the service by publishing its ports on the service container itself rather than through an ambassador container. A running service is stopped and started to publish them, after asking, or without asking when --force is given:
dokku pushpin:set lollipop expose-mode direct
dokku pushpin:expose lollipop --force
Print the dsn a client off the host connects with, which names the expose-host or the first global domain:
dokku pushpin:info lollipop --exposed-dsn
unexpose a previously exposed Pushpin service
# usage
dokku pushpin:unexpose <service>
flags:
-f|--force: stop and start a running service without asking when its container has to publish other ports
Unexpose the service, removing access to it from the public interface (0.0.0.0):
dokku pushpin:unexpose lollipop
Unexpose a running service exposed directly, stopping and starting it without asking so that its container stops publishing the ports:
dokku pushpin:unexpose lollipop --force
reexpose a Pushpin service, applying its expose settings
# usage
dokku pushpin:reexpose <service>
flags:
-f|--force: stop and start a running service without asking when its container has to publish other ports
Apply a changed port-bind-address or port-source-range to an exposed service, on the ports it is already exposed on:
Move an exposed service between being published through an ambassador and directly, stopping and starting it without asking:
dokku pushpin:set lollipop expose-mode direct
dokku pushpin:reexpose lollipop --force
NOTE: a service published through an ambassador only has the ambassador replaced, so the service keeps running, though connections made through the exposed ports are dropped. An ambassador that already matches the service's settings and is publishing is left alone.
NOTE: a service whose container has to publish other ports, because it is exposed directly or is being moved between expose modes, is stopped and started. A running service is asked about first, and nothing is changed if the answer is no.
NOTE: A service that is not exposed is refused, as is one published through an ambassador that is not running.
promote service as WEBSOCKET_URL in
# usage
dokku pushpin:promote <service> [<app>]
If you have a pushpin service linked to an app and try to link another pushpin service another link environment variable will be generated automatically:
You can promote the new service to be the primary one:
NOTE: this will restart your app
dokku pushpin:promote other_service playground
This will replace WEBSOCKET_URL with the url from other_service and generate another environment variable to hold the previous value if necessary. You could end up with the following for example:
A service comes back on the version it was created with, or was last upgraded to, whatever version the plugin ships now. The image is fetched if the host no longer has it. A service that has never recorded a version and has no container left to read one from cannot be placed, and is reported rather than started on a guess. Use pushpin:upgrade to say which version it should run.
stop a running Pushpin service
# usage
dokku pushpin:stop <service>
Stop the service and removes the running container:
dokku pushpin:stop lollipop
pause a running Pushpin service
# usage
dokku pushpin:pause <service>
Pause the running container for the service:
dokku pushpin:pause lollipop
graceful shutdown and restart of the Pushpin service container
-c|--config-options <string>: extra arguments for the process the service container runs, not docker flags; use mount for mounts
-C|--custom-env <string>: semi-colon delimited environment variables to start the service with
--definition <string>: the definition to move the service onto, instead of the one its image and version resolve to
-i|--image <string>: the image to upgrade the service to
-I|--image-version <string>: the image version to upgrade the service to
-N|--initial-network <string>: the initial network to attach the service to
--log-driver <string>: the docker logging driver to run the service container with (default: the daemon's own)
--log-opt <strings>: a comma-separated list of key=value docker log options for the service container
-m|--memory <int>: container memory limit in megabytes, 0 for unlimited
-P|--post-create-network <strings>: a comma-separated list of networks to attach the service container to after service creation
-S|--post-start-network <strings>: a comma-separated list of networks to attach the service container to after service start
--restart <string>: the docker restart policy to run the service container with (default: always)
-R|--restart-apps: whether to stop and start the linked apps around the upgrade
-s|--shm-size <string>: override shared memory size for the service docker container
--volume <stringArray>: a host path or docker volume to mount into the service container, as :[:], repeatable
--volume-target <stringArray>: mount one of the definition's volumes at another container path, as =, repeatable
--wait-timeout <string>: seconds to wait for the service to become ready (default: the datastore's own)
You can upgrade an existing service to a new image or image-version:
dokku pushpin:upgrade lollipop
This is the only command that changes the version a service runs. With no version named it moves to the newest the service's own major version ships, which leaves the data where it is.
Moving across a major version has to be asked for by name, because it is not a tag change: the data is mounted somewhere different under the new one, and pointing the version back does not undo it. A service keeps the mounts it has unless --volume is passed, which replaces them, and each one is checked against the new container before the old one is taken away.
A service keeps the volume targets it has unless --volume-target is passed, which replaces them, and an upgrade onto a definition that does not mount a volume the service moved is refused before the old container is taken away. --volume-target "" puts every volume back where the new definition mounts it.
dokku pushpin:upgrade lollipop --volume-target ""
A service keeps its memory limit unless --memory is passed, and --memory 0 removes it.
dokku pushpin:upgrade lollipop --memory 512
Service Automation
Service scripting can be executed using the following commands:
list all Pushpin service links for a given app
# usage
dokku pushpin:app-links [<app>]
List all pushpin services that are linked to the playground app.
dokku pushpin:app-links playground
check if the Pushpin service exists
# usage
dokku pushpin:exists <service>
Here we check if the lollipop pushpin service exists.
dokku pushpin:exists lollipop
check if the Pushpin service is linked to an app
# usage
dokku pushpin:linked <service> [<app>]
Here we check if the lollipop pushpin service is linked to the playground app.
dokku pushpin:linked lollipop playground
list all apps linked to the Pushpin service
# usage
dokku pushpin:links <service>
List all apps linked to the lollipop pushpin service.
dokku pushpin:links lollipop
Renaming an app moves its link onto the new name, and cloning an app links the clone as well as the original.
Limiting where and to whom a service is exposed
An exposed service's ports are published on every interface unless they are given an address of their own. To publish them on one address instead, set the service's port-bind-address property with dokku pushpin:set, and to accept connections only from clients in one IP address or CIDR, set its port-source-range property. Either reaches a running service with dokku pushpin:reexpose, which leaves the service running when its ports are published through an ambassador.
Only one source range can be given. The range is checked against the address a connection reaches the service from, which for a connection to the exposed port on the loopback interface, or an IPv6 connection to a service network without IPv6, is the docker network's gateway rather than the client, so with a range that leaves the gateway out, connecting to 127.0.0.1 from the dokku host itself is refused.
Exposing a service without an ambassador
An exposed service's ports are published by an ambassador, a container that relays every connection on to the service. The ambassador can be replaced without touching the service and can hold clients to a port-source-range, but relaying adds latency to every request.
To publish the ports on the service container itself instead, set the service's expose-mode property to direct with dokku pushpin:set. Docker has no way of changing the ports a container publishes, so the container is made again whenever what it publishes changes: when the service is exposed or unexposed, when its port-bind-address changes, and when it moves between expose modes. For a running service, dokku pushpin:expose, dokku pushpin:unexpose and dokku pushpin:reexpose ask before stopping and starting it, and change nothing if the answer is no. Pass --force to stop and start it without being asked. A change also reaches the service the next time it is restarted, or stopped and started.
A port-source-range cannot be enforced on a port the service container publishes itself, so it cannot be set on a service exposed directly, and a service with one cannot be exposed directly.
Connecting to an exposed service from outside the host
dokku pushpin:info lollipop --exposed-dsn prints the dsn a client off the dokku host connects with. It is the dsn a linked app is handed, with the exposed ports in place of the container's and a public host in place of the service container's name, so it carries the same credentials. The host is the service's expose-host property, set with dokku pushpin:set, or the first global domain when it has none. The port-bind-address, or an address given with a port, is never used as the host, since it is where the port is bound rather than where a client elsewhere reaches it. The dsn is empty until the service is exposed and there is a host to name.
Waiting for a service to become ready
A service is waited on until it answers on its port after it is created, cloned, started, restarted, upgraded or exposed. If it takes longer than that to start - on a slow host, or with an image that does more on its first boot - the command fails with ERROR: unable to connect.
To wait longer for every pushpin service on the host, set the PUSHPIN_WAIT_TIMEOUT environment variable to a number of seconds. To wait longer for a single service, set its wait-timeout property with dokku pushpin:set or pass --wait-timeout to create, clone or upgrade. The service's own setting is used first, then the environment variable, then the datastore's default.
Moving where a service's volumes are mounted
Each volume a service mounts is named by the directory it lives in under the service's own directory, and is mounted where the datastore's definition says. To mount one somewhere else in the container, for an image that keeps its data at another path, set the service's volume-targets property with dokku pushpin:set, pass --volume-target to create, clone or upgrade, or set the PUSHPIN_VOLUME_TARGETS environment variable before create. Each is written as <volume>=<container-path>, several separated by spaces, and dokku pushpin:info lollipop --volume-targets shows the ones a service moved.
Definition
Volume
Mounted at
pushpin
config
/etc/pushpin
Moving a volume changes where it is mounted, not where the image reads and writes. The datastore's own commands and the paths it is started with follow the volume, but an image that keeps writing to its own path writes into the container rather than into the volume, and what it writes is lost when the container is rebuilt, so only move a volume to where the image expects its data. The data stays in the same directory on the host, and a move reaches the container the next time one is built, so use dokku pushpin:stop and then dokku pushpin:start on a running service. An upgrade onto a definition that does not mount a volume the service moved is refused until the move is cleared or replaced.
Disabling docker image pull calls
If you wish to disable the docker image pull calls that the plugin triggers, you may set the PUSHPIN_DISABLE_PULL environment variable to true. Once disabled, you will need to pull the service image you wish to deploy as shown in the stderr output.
Please ensure the proper images are in place when docker image pull is disabled.
